Small Nettle - Urtica urens

Alternative names
Annual Nettle
Description

Short to medium plant with weakly stinging hairs, the leaves more coarsely toothed than U. dioica and the lower leaves shortly stalked, not long stalked. Male and female flowers on the same plant, many female and few male, in ascending spikes.

Similar Species

Urtica dioica

Identification difficulty
ID checklist (your specimen should have all of these features)

Annual.  Usually smaller and more compact than Common Nettle (although this is very variable in size) with more jaggedly toothed leaves; terminal leaf-tooth about as long as adjacent laterals (terminal leaf-tooth is longer in common nettle)

Habitat

Cultivated, waste and disturbed ground, gardens.

When to see it

June to October.

Life History

Annual.

UK Status

Common throughout Britain, especially in the east.

VC55 Status

Fairly frequent in Leicestershire and Rutland. In the 1979 Flora survey of Leicestershire it was found in 267 of the 617 tetrads.

Leicestershire & Rutland Map

MAP KEY:

Yellow squares = NBN records (all known data)
Coloured circles = NatureSpot records: 2025+ | 2020-2024 | pre-2020

UK Map

Species profile

Common names
Small Nettle
Species group:
flowering plant
Kingdom:
Plantae
Order:
Rosales
Family:
Urticaceae
Records on NatureSpot:
47
First record:
22/07/2010 (Calow, Graham)
Last record:
05/10/2024 (Bell, Melinda)

Total records by month

% of records within its species group

10km squares with records

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Latest images

Latest records

Photo of the association

Agromyza anthracina

The larva of the Agromyzid fly Agromyza anthracina mines the leaves of Common Nettle and other related host plants. The mine usually starts away from the leaf edge and has a coiled intestine like start; it has frass in long threads in the broader part of the mine. 

Photo of the association

Agromyza pseudoreptans/reptans agg.

The larvae of the Agromyzif flies comprising the Agromyza pseudoreptans/reptans agg. mine the leaves of Common Nettle and other related host plants. The mine is a long blotch mine, usually adjacent to the edge of the leaf, which turns black. The mines of the two species cannot be reliably separated to species level and for this reason we treat them as an aggregate.

Photo of the association

Dasineura urticae

The larva of the gall-midge Dasineura urticae causes galls to form on the leaves of Common (Stinging) Nettle and Small (Annual) Nettle. The galls are pouch swellings of midrib, leaf, petiole or flower stalk.  Occasionally they are found in flowers or stem.  There is an opening on the upperside. The larva is white, but according to Redfern and Shirley (2011) there may be pink, orange or red inquiline larvae inside. .

Photo of the association

Puccinia urticata

Puccinia urticata is a rust fungus which causes galls on the stems and leaves of the alternate host, nettles (Common Nettle and Small Nettle). The galls are reddish and can be large, causing  considerable swelling and distortion of stem and petioles.  Orange aecia and spermogonia are borne on the swollen areas and leaf undersides.